Tuesday, 5 April 2016



Deliberation in relation to purposes is a general description of much of thought. It may be rational or emotional and even anti-rational, but it must be in relation to a set of criteria, or values. These need not be consistent or rigidly adhered to, and their scope may be narrow or wide, they or their priorities may be altered in the course of the deliberation, although there is little to distinguish between the kind of value that is a priority mapping of other values and a simpler kind. Deliberation is the concrete representation of freedom as freedom to act. Against this there is an experience of freedom from constraint. Here it is not a matter of balancing ultimate values but of a peculiarly felicitous sense of being. Not freedom of action, but of comportment, of self-determination, a kind of euphoric sense of being wholly in the world but at the same time lifted above it. It is a positive expression of a release from desires, and their associated fantasies and compulsions, an unbinding which has come about as a gift, not as the outcome of any purposes. This freedom lives in the refusal of action, but is the freedom of a self, and bears a hidden relation to volitional freedom. The essence of freedom from, that seemingly metaphysical spacing and detachment, seems to be fully expressed only in its utter destruction, its death in submission to action.

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